This paper provides a comprehensive review on the use of help options (HOs) in the multimedia listening context to aid listening comprehension (LC) and improve incidental vocabulary learning. The paper also aims to synthesize the research findings obtained from the use of HOs in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) literature and reveals the…

Arbitrary, randomly-generated evaluative feedback given learners (such as "good,""great," or "fantastic") is pedagogically unsound. Programers of educational computer software should consider all the psychological effects of the evaluative feedback given in their programs. Programing alternatives that allow the…