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Direct linkCahit, Kaya – Educational Research and Reviews, 2015
In experimental research, internal validity refers to what extent researchers can conclude that changes in dependent variable (i.e. outcome) are caused by manipulations in independent variable. The causal inference permits researchers to meaningfully interpret research results. This article discusses (a) internal validity threats in social and…
Descriptors: Research Design, Validity, Predictor Variables, Educational Research
Dutro, Elizabeth; Collins, Kathleen – Research in the Teaching of English, 2011
In this article, we share findings from our process of "reading the past, writing the future" of elementary research in NCTE's journals. Our analysis focused on major domains of the field, including literature, writing, reading, language, and multimodal literacies, and spanned "Elementary English Review", which first appeared in 1924, was renamed…
Descriptors: Literacy, Research, Elementary Education, Literature Reviews
