This chapter presents the theory and research underlying Merrill's concept of learner control as an instructional system. Three levels of learner control--content-control, display-control, and control of conscious-cognitive processing--and efforts to manipulate these variables are described, and a model of external and internal learner control is…

Describes techniques currently used to instruct individual library users, including library tours, handbooks, guides, programed instruction, and computer-assisted instruction. (FM)

Traces the development of vocational training and distance education in Brazil, briefly describes distance education activities of several agencies, and discusses the use of programed instruction, the personalized system of instruction, training manuals, and training modules. Commercial educational technology services are briefly described and 14…

The theoretical rationales and procedures of five adaptive computer-based instruction models were reviewed: the mathematical model, the regression model, the Bayesian probabilistic model, the testing and branching model, and artificially intelligent instructional systems. Each model is assessed for contrast of methods and forms, identifiable…

Reviews some representative literature in man/machine tutorial systems. Student-to-student tutoring, tutoring by proctor, tutoring in programed instruction and with teaching machines, auto/audio/video tutoring, and tutoring with computers are discussed. (RAO)

Research evidence on the effectiveness of various methods of teaching at the university level are reviewed. Evidence is presented in the following areas: the effect of class size; large group instruction techniques; individualized learning, independent study, and programmed instruction; lecturing versus other methods; and laboratory teaching. The…

Emphasis in instructional technology has shifted from programed to individualized to computer-based instruction. Programed and individualized instruction have had limited success in raising student achievement and improving attitudes, while computer-based instruction has raised achievement, positively affected time needed for teaching and…

The use of the computer in teaching law is examined in this collection of essays. Discussed are the development of law-related programmed workbooks, predecessors to computer aided instruction (CAI); research findings and their implications for the design of law-related CAI exercises; advantages and limitations of CAI programs in law; and attempts…