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Knapp, Thomas R. – Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 1980
Supports arguments against general use of change scores and recommends the Lord/McNemar estimates of true change. Provides a numerical example illustrating the reliability problem and the problem of the prediction of true change from various linear composites of initial and final measures. (Author)
Descriptors: Counseling Techniques, Literature Reviews, Pretests Posttests, Research Methodology
Hubert, John A. – 1978
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title I Evaluation and Reporting System is a method for giving a federally funded project in reading or math an overall score on its cognitive effectiveness. This System introduced the Normal Curve Equivalent (NCE) as an aid in aggregating Title I program scores across states and nationwide regardless of…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Achievement Tests, Compensatory Education, Control Groups