The authors discuss parenting as a normative developmental issue for gay and lesbian individuals. Issues and choices that affect decisions concerning parenting, implications for counselors, and suggestions for research are discussed. (Contains 53 references.) (Author)

One of the major developmental tasks of adolescence is establishing a unified self-concept, or identity. Four identity statuses (conceptualized by J. E. Marcia as identity achievement, foreclosure, identity diffused and moratorium) are related to (1) the presence or absence of crisis, and (2) a resulting commitment to goals. To examine the…

Discusses pregnancy from four perspectives: as a normative crisis period; as a developmental process including both the pregnant woman and the expectant father; as an experience affecting marital relationships, including the presence of family violence; and as a context for prevention and intervention. (RH)

Reviews the literature on pregnancy, indicating that there is a predictable and uniform psychological process associated with the experience for both expectant parents. Identifies specific developmental tasks for both expectant mothers and fathers. Suggests that the manner in which prospective parents handle the pregnancy will affect post-partum…