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Peter J. Godolphin; Nadine Marlin; Chantelle Cornett; David J. Fisher; Jayne F. Tierney; Ian R. White; Ewelina Rogozinska – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses of randomised trials are considered a reliable way to assess participant-level treatment effect modifiers but may not make the best use of the available data. Traditionally, effect modifiers are explored one covariate at a time, which gives rise to the possibility that evidence of treatment-covariate…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials, Statistical Analysis, Participant Characteristics
Nejstgaard, Camilla Hansen; Laursen, David Ruben Teindl; Lundh, Andreas; Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
We investigated to which degree commercial funding is associated with estimated intervention effects in randomized trials. We included meta-epidemiological studies with published data on the association between commercial funding and results or conclusions of randomized trials. We searched five databases and other sources. We selected one result…
Descriptors: Private Financial Support, Intervention, Randomized Controlled Trials, Literature Reviews
A. E. Ades; Nicky J. Welton; Sofia Dias; David M. Phillippo; Deborah M. Caldwell – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Network meta-analysis (NMA) is an extension of pairwise meta-analysis (PMA) which combines evidence from trials on multiple treatments in connected networks. NMA delivers internally consistent estimates of relative treatment efficacy, needed for rational decision making. Over its first 20 years NMA's use has grown exponentially, with applications…
Descriptors: Network Analysis, Meta Analysis, Medicine, Clinical Experience
Qi, Hongchao; Rizopoulos, Dimitris; Rosmalen, Joost – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
The meta-analytic-predictive (MAP) approach is a Bayesian method to incorporate historical controls in new trials that aims to increase the statistical power and reduce the required sample size. Here we investigate how to calculate the sample size of the new trial when historical data is available, and the MAP approach is used in the analysis. In…
Descriptors: Sample Size, Computation, Meta Analysis, Bayesian Statistics
Siemens, Waldemar; Meerpohl, Joerg J.; Rohe, Miriam S.; Buroh, Sabine; Schwarzer, Guido; Becker, Gerhild – Research Synthesis Methods, 2022
Using the Hartung-Knapp method and 95% prediction intervals (PIs) in random-effects meta-analyses is recommended by experts but rarely applied. Therefore, we aimed to reevaluate statistically significant meta-analyses using the Hartung-Knapp method and 95% PIs. In this methodological study, three databases were searched from January 2010 to July…
Descriptors: Cancer, Meta Analysis, Medical Research, Patients
Daly, Caitlin H.; Maconachie, Ross; Ades, A. E.; Welton, Nicky J. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2022
Randomised controlled trials of cancer treatments typically report progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes. Existing methods to synthesise evidence on PFS and OS either rely on the proportional hazards assumption or make parametric assumptions which may not capture the diverse survival curve shapes across studies and…
Descriptors: Nonparametric Statistics, Randomized Controlled Trials, Evidence, Networks
Sandra Jo Wilson; Brian Freeman; E. C. Hedberg – Grantee Submission, 2024
As reporting of effect sizes in evaluation studies has proliferated, researchers and consumers of research need tools for interpreting or benchmarking the magnitude of those effect sizes that are relevant to the intervention, target population, and outcome measure being considered. Similarly, researchers planning education studies with social and…
Descriptors: Benchmarking, Effect Size, Meta Analysis, Statistical Analysis
Yao, Minghong; Wang, Yuning; Ren, Yan; Jia, Yulong; Zou, Kang; Li, Ling; Sun, Xin – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
Rare events meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often underpowered because the outcomes are infrequent. Real-world evidence (RWE) from non-randomized studies may provide valuable complementary evidence about the effects of rare events, and there is growing interest in including such evidence in the decision-making process.…
Descriptors: Evidence, Meta Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials, Decision Making
Hansford, Nathaniel; Schechter, Rachel L. – International Journal of Modern Education Studies, 2023
Meta-analyses are systematic summaries of research that use quantitative methods to find the mean effect size (standardized mean difference) for interventions. Critics of meta-analysis point out that such analyses can conflate the results of low- and high-quality studies, make improper comparisons and result in statistical noise. All these…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Best Practices, Randomized Controlled Trials, Criticism
Deborah M. Caldwell; Jennifer C. Palmer; Katie E. Webster; Sarah R. Davies; Hugo Hughes; Joseph Rona; Rachel Churchill; Sarah E. Hetrick; Nicky J. Welton – Prevention Science, 2025
Many randomized controlled trials have investigated the role of school-based prevention interventions to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression in young people. Systematic reviews have subsequently demonstrated a small, beneficial effect of these interventions when compared to a combined control group including usual care, no intervention, or…
Descriptors: Depression (Psychology), Prevention, Randomized Controlled Trials, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Edoardo G. Ostinelli; Orestis Efthimiou; Yan Luo; Clara Miguel; Eirini Karyotaki; Pim Cuijpers; Toshi A. Furukawa; Georgia Salanti; Andrea Cipriani – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
When studies use different scales to measure continuous outcomes, standardised mean differences (SMD) are required to meta-analyse the data. However, outcomes are often reported as endpoint or change from baseline scores. Combining corresponding SMDs can be problematic and available guidance advises against this practice. We aimed to examine the…
Descriptors: Network Analysis, Meta Analysis, Depression (Psychology), Regression (Statistics)
McDaniel, Jena; Brady, Nancy C.; Warren, Steven F. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2022
We conducted a systematic review to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and single case research design (SCRD) studies of children with autism spectrum disorder that evaluate the effectiveness of responsivity intervention techniques for improving prelinguistic and/or language outcomes. Mean effect sizes were moderate and large for RCTs…
Descriptors: Outcomes of Treatment, Response to Intervention, Child Language, Autism Spectrum Disorders
Nejstgaard, Camilla Hansen; Lundh, Andreas; Abdi, Suhayb; Clayton, Gemma; Gelle, Mustafe Hassan Adan; Laursen, David Ruben Teindl; Olorisade, Babatunde Kazeem; Savovic, Jelena; Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn – Research Synthesis Methods, 2022
Randomised trials are often funded by commercial companies and methodological studies support a widely held suspicion that commercial funding may influence trial results and conclusions. However, these studies often have a risk of confounding and reporting bias. The risk of confounding is markedly reduced in meta-epidemiological studies that…
Descriptors: Medical Research, Randomized Controlled Trials, Corporations, Financial Support
Piepho, Hans-Peter; Madden, Laurence V. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2022
Network meta-analysis is a popular method to synthesize the information obtained in a systematic review of studies (e.g., randomized clinical trials) involving subsets of multiple treatments of interest. The dominant method of analysis employs within-study information on treatment contrasts and integrates this over a network of studies. One…
Descriptors: Medical Research, Meta Analysis, Networks, Drug Therapy
Sini Li; Yijing Yong; Yamin Li; Jianhe Li; Jiao Xie – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2024
This review aims to systematically summarize existing evidence to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-based interventions (CBIs) on psychological health and well-being among parents of children with developmental disabilities (DD). Six databases were searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from their inception to…
Descriptors: Parents, Children, Developmental Disabilities, Metacognition