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Educational and Economic Effects of Promotion and Repetition Practices. Staff Working Paper No. 319.
Haddad, Wadi D. – 1979
The education dollar is poorly spent when students drop out of school, and even more poorly spent when students repeat grades. A review of the research on student promotion and grade repetition discloses two basic philosophies underpinning practices in this area. Those arguing for grade repetition assume that academic factors determine success and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Failure, Achievement Need, Developing Nations
