Every year, nearly one million staff work seasonally at summer camps. Although little research has investigated staff experiences compared to campers' experiences, literature does exist. Understanding the breadth and depth of this literature is an important way to guide future investigations and employment practices regarding seasonal summer camp…

Interdisciplinarity provides alternate perspectives through which to better understand the ways in which Black students and their access to education intersect and collide. This literature review proposes the employment of an interdisciplinary paradigm that centers the development of students' academic identity through culturally responsive…

The focus for this literature review developed from reading American research by Oyserman and Destin around the theme of identity and possible selves. The intention of this review was to consider whether an identity-based perspective could be applied to investigate the multiple outcomes of UK care leavers. The aim was to explore the relevant…

Beginning from general concepts of identity formation, this review of models of African American identity development proceeds to Marcia's expansion of Erikson's identity model and to Chickering's vector theory. DuBois's concept of "double identity" and Erikson's writings concerning "adaptive coping" in minorities are…

The article reviews the role of development and individual differences in the concept of discrepancy as applied to the differential diagnosis of learning disabilities. It is concluded that discrepancy may be better used within learning disabilities rather than in distinguishing between learning disabilities and other handicapping conditions.…

This book reviews and summarizes recent research into the intellectual, emotional and creative development of young gifted children. An introductory section includes the following: "Early Signs of Giftedness: Research and Commentary" (Abraham Tannenbaum); "Creative Giftedness in Children" (Robert Sternberg and Todd Lubart); and "Cultural…

This paper offers a model of the nature and development of talents, which views genetic factors as determining potential strengths and setting limits and views abilities, aptitudes, and intelligences emerging as a result of experiences, motivations, and styles. Specific talents are characterized by precocity, creative insight, a functional…

A review of the social science literature traces the history of the construct of multiracial identity, 1890-1995. Research emphases have shifted from racial categorization to ethnicity, from behavioral observation to self-report, and from the inferiority or marginality of multiracial individuals to their phenomenological experiences. Contains 139…

Despite the fact that many researchers acknowledge the significance of ethnic identity to a person's psychological functioning, few empirical studies have focused on factors that may influence the process of ethnic identity development. An examination of the empirical literature on such factors can yield valuable information to help guide…

Explains the role of symbols in attaining total psychic growth by applying concepts of C. Jung, R. Assagiolo, and L. Kubie. Describes a new strategy, the symbolic identity technique, which involves environmental exploration in a relaxed, receptive manner in order to discover something in the outer environment that reflects one's inner nature.…

Investigates the relationship between White racial identity development and the personality constructs Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. White college students (N=105) were administered the White Racial Identity Attitude Scale, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and the New Racism Scale. Results indicate that…

Presents demographic information about biracial persons, reviews previous models of racial identity development, discusses their shortcomings when applied to biracial persons, and presents new model of racial identity development focusing on unique aspects of the experience of biracial individual in the United States. Presents counseling…

Review of literature suggests that paucity of information exists regarding how culture-specific issues such as being both African American and gifted influence psychological needs and personality development of gifted African-American students. Notes that stellar attempts are underway to develop theories and perspectives of racial identity…

The literature on competitive behavior in children is examined. Sections of the review concern the socializing process of competitiveness, evolutionary foundations, early developmental processes, the relationship between competition and aggression, gender differences, competition and cooperation, anthropological perspectives, effects of…

Outdoor education programs help students realize their "wild" nature by linking them concretely with their surroundings, providing stories that explain the natural world, encouraging feelings of wonder, and expanding identification with nature as parts of the world, previously perceived as "outside," become part of the self.…