Evidence synthesis findings depend on the assumption that the included studies follow good clinical practice and results are not fabricated or false. Studies which are problematic due to scientific misconduct, poor research practice, or honest error may distort evidence synthesis findings. Authors of evidence synthesis need transparent mechanisms…

Research related to identification of delinquents, causes of delinquency, and effective intervention to stop delinquency is reviewed in this paper. In summary, the review indicates that adolescent problems appear to be concentrated among those disadvantaged in a variety of ways. Further, the reviewed literature indicates that biases in the justice…

Examines issues related to the design and interpretation of high-risk depression research, including the identification of symptoms and syndromes, categorical versus dimensional scales, aspects of depression to be considered, specificity of effects, use of process measures, and conceptualization of risk and resilience. (MDM)

Discusses the relationship between changes in delinquency prevalence over time and prediction error. Data from a 21-year British longitudinal study exemplify the formal relationships that are derived. Results indicate statistically, as prevalence increases, a relative increase in false negative errors and a decrease in false positive errors…

This review of the literature on employer satisfaction with vocational education graduates is based on a search for representative studies with different methodologies and from different sources. Observations made are organized into four basic categories: (1) theoretical considerations in conducting research; (2) methodological considerations in…

Reviews several potential problems that often invalidate statistical tests of social theories. Discusses how there may be very serious identification problems in the estimation of the relationship between executions and homicides, and that serious questions may be raised regarding the validity of any particular estimation of this relationship.…