This review of the literature begins by exploring the development of computer literacy as a discipline since its introduction in colleges and universities around 1965 and in economically privileged high schools around 1970. The impact of a conference sponsored by the National Science Foundation and Human Resources Research Organization in 1980 on…

This survey of the literature provides a review and synthesis of research findings and current thought on the use of microcomputers by school children. Modes of learning and taxonomies of learning are described, and the results of recent surveys indicating the number of computers in schools and the amount of access by students are reported.…

A summary of each state's instructional computing requirements for students and teachers, and statewide microcomputer classroom use are presented in chart format. Funding information and additional comments are also included. (MBR)

Examines the historical evolution of the competencies implied by the phrase "computer literacy" and identifies several competencies that will likely characterize the computer literate teacher in the 1990s. (42 references) (Author/MKR)

A literature search identified 14 studies that were examined concerning keyboarding and computer anxiety. Although research on the relationship between keyboarding skills and computer anxiety is scarce, studies are being conducted to measure the effects of basic keyboarding skills on increased productivity. In addition, research is being performed…

Research indicates that school microcomputer use is associated with the wealth of the school district. Wealthier districts are more likely to utilize the higher level uses of the computer, whereas less affluent schools tend to use computers in computer-assisted instruction of the drill and practice variety. (MLF)

Reviews research and literature on gender and technology. Looks at computer equity themes of the 1980's and early 1990's, and argues that middle school is the place to make a difference. Lists recommendations in the literature for assisting girls with computer technology. Notes considerable evidence of the persistence of a gender gap. (SR)

Summarizes ideas on five main issues presented at the World Conference on Computers in Education held in Norfolk, Virginia, in August 1985: impact of transferring practical information processing to technology; size of devices; information technology costs; computers at home, in public schools, and universities; and information technology's impact…

Highlights research on computer assisted instruction which should lead educators to the conclusion that there should be a computer in every classroom to improve teacher effectiveness and to enhance student achievement. (NEC)

Presents concerns from the literature relating to the effects of computer language learning, computer programing, and the cognitive consequences of computer assisted instruction. It is argued that further research is needed to address these issues if computers are to retain their place in education. Fifty-five references are listed. (MBR)

Computers are so inherently necessary in this day that lack of computer skills is analogous to the absence of such basic knowledge as reading and mathematics. Computer training for classroom teachers is not only a good idea, it is vital to their success in the classroom and to their students' success in life after they finish school. Computer…

One of three publications of the Research on Equitable Access to Technology project, this paper provides a literature review of the issues surrounding the provision of equitable access to computers for all children. Both the extent and types of inequities are explored, including hardware and software issues, and language and sex inequities. The…

Reviews the debate in the literature concerning what is meant by computer literacy, with some authors arguing it implies knowledge about computers and others using the term synonymously with computer programing, and points out that staff development goals in computer literacy can differ widely according to which definition is utilized. (MBR)

Reports are given on the use of computers in elementary and secondary schools in five states. An analysis of the reports discusses various educational trends and implications evolving from computer use, including misapplied technology and the proper amount of learning and teaching via computers. (CJ)

Reviews literature, particularly journal articles, related to competencies needed by teachers for successful classroom computer implementation. Several key areas in which teachers should receive training are suggested, and 16 references are provided. (EJS)