Research has paid less attention to the formalization of education from a systems theory and control perspective, rather than a mere algorithmic one. In this work, the underpinnings of system theory and control are provided, along with a review of their application in education. The review of studies in databases found only seven articles that…

There is currently no universally adopted definition of rural either by government entities or by rural special education researchers. Yet, the replicability, generalizability, transferability, and validity of rural special education research is dependent upon the definition of rural researchers' use to situate their work. Examining the…

Conducting survey research in rural educational contexts presents unique challenges and requires specific methodological considerations. This article provides an overview of potential adaptations that may help support effective, valid, and impactful rural survey research and a brief review of survey research published in "Rural Special…

The paper has three major objectives. The first objective of the paper is to synthesize and define common categories of meta-analysis. The second objective is to propose a way to comprehend these common categories of meta-analysis through learning from their respective generic conceptual frameworks. The third objective is to point out which R…

Introduction: Missing data are bound to occur in education intervention research. Reasons vary but always have the consequence of reducing sample sizes and can, under certain conditions, seriously bias estimated intervention effects. A wide array of methods have been developed for handling missing data (Enders, 2023). Whereas older approaches…

The methodological controversy surrounding ordinal outcome data has posed a distinct challenge to the conceptualization, design, and conduct of research in the social and behavioral sciences for more than 75 years. Accordingly, this study sought to supply a comprehensive and multidisciplinary perspective of the debate and in so doing lay the…

Introduction: The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) reviews rigorous research on educational interventions with a goal of identifying "what works" and making that information accessible to educators and policymakers. In rating the quality of causal research, the WWC has historically prioritized internal validity over external validity. One…

Introduction: Concerns about the risk of bias (RoB) of Meta-analysis (MAs) have grown in parallel with the exponential increase in the number of publications in science. However, this has not been properly assessed in Education. The aims were to evaluate the RoB of MAs in Education and to identify potential predictors of a lower RoB. Methods:…

The growing interest in video research and new technologies for recording human interaction has stirred debates about intrusiveness and 'reactivity' understood as researcher-derived changes in subjects. In addition to a plethora of concepts referring to such effects in extant literature, different ontological and epistemological positions provide…

Outside of education, many academic disciplines developed and promulgated checklists to evaluate the quality of qualitative studies. This article used an embedded mixed methods approach in three stages: development of a conceptual framework reviewing 62 guidelines; a content analysis of key areas of the guidelines; and review of dissertations to…

This paper examines how higher education researchers approach writing the rationale and justification for their work published in journal articles. A common way for establishing this justification is through claiming a gap, but the problem is that it is often hard to find a research gap, and if it is included, there is too often no explanation for…

This systematic review of literature on race in rural educational scholarship addresses the research question: How are race and racism typically represented (defined, discussed) in rural education literature? Subquestions: What factors have been explored at length in regard to race and racism? and Where are the predominant gaps in the research…

Although the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) claims to focus on student learning, some have argued that SoTL studies often adopt a narrow view of learning and focus more on teaching than on learning. In this paper, we explore whether teaching is the primary focus of recent articles published from 2013-2017 in three international,…

Between 2010 and 2019, ETR&D experienced increased publication of a specific type of research that does not provide useful knowledge to the instructional design field. This type of research is research to prove, which entails pitting an incumbent, "traditional" learning experience against a new, innovative learning experience that…

Teacher working conditions (TWCs) are, in many ways, student learning conditions. Furthermore, they have also been linked to teacher retention. These connections make TWCs important to understand; yet there is no accepted construct definition delineating and defining what TWCs are. Through a systematic review and narrative synthesis of literature…