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Direct linkRachel Elizabeth Fish; Kenneth Shores; João M. Souto Maior – Exceptional Children, 2026
This essay provides a two-pronged critical assessment of a subset of the literature on racial disproportionality in special education: that which aims to estimate racial disparities among otherwise similar children. This body of research has shown that Black students are less likely than "comparable" White students to receive special…
Descriptors: Disproportionate Representation, Race, Special Education, African American Students
Goddard, J. Tim; Foster, Rosemary Y. – Exceptionality Education Canada, 2006
In this paper we examine the contention that many schools and school boards use funding generated from testing and coding of students with special needs as a means of augmenting general operating revenues. As a result, students with special needs do not receive the full benefit of the monies received for individualized programs. The article draws…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Special Needs Students, Individualized Programs, Educational Finance
