This systematic review examines how gamification and artificial intelligence (AI) can converge to foster essential 21st-century skills like creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking in education. The review followed the main PRISMA statement guidelines, resulting in 175 articles for qualitative content analysis and bibliometric network…

As sport instructors prepare students for the industry through experiential activities and incorporating in-the-moment sport topics, the use of backward design allows for the desired goals and outcomes to drive the instruction (Wiggins & McTighe, 1998, 2005). In addition to backward design being applied in sport courses, the design has been…

Integrating the STEM method within the Education 5.0 framework can markedly improve 21st-century skills in high school pupils by unifying science, technology, engineering, and mathematics into a comprehensive learning plan. This study systematically reviews how STEM education within Education 5.0 frameworks specifically improves digital literacy,…

Twenty-first-century skills should be integrated into higher education to prepare students for complex working-life challenges. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered tools have the potential to optimise skill development among higher education students. Therefore, it is important to conceptualise relevant affordances of AI systems for 21st-century…

This review examined the impact of online learning environments (OLE) on acquiring transferable skills (TS) through an analysis of 31 papers from the Web of Science database. Significant attention is given to critical thinking and communication skills, with moderate consideration given to creativity, problem-solving, and cooperation skills. Lesser…

Various similar primary studies report varying impacts of applying blended problem-based learning (Blended PBL) in improving students' 21st-century skills. This study aims to group similar studies on the effect of blended PBL on students' 21st-century skills in science learning through meta-analysis. In addition, studies were analyzed on…

This study examines the potential of puppets in the educational context. The study offers a literature review on the benefits and possibilities of the puppet as a pedagogical tool. The literature was searched using primarily an international e-material search of UEF FINNA. Additional articles were retrieved from Google Scholar and from the…

Motivating students to learn and engaging them in the learning process is a constant struggle among teachers. The lack of motivation and engagement in reading lessons is one-reason elementary students are struggling to reach proficiency in reading. This systematic review used current literature to investigate the best practices seen in elementary…

In the field of school-based outdoor education, researchers claim that pre-service teachers should already be provided with basic knowledge, skills, and methods for teaching curriculum-based content outdoors in their initial schoolteacher training. The present review aims to summarize and structure the variety of topics in the literature regarding…

This study brings attention to the determinants of 21st-century skills and 21st-century "digital" skills. The following skills are investigated: technical, information, communication, collaboration, critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills. To understand differences in the level of these skills among workers, we need to…

This literature review discusses the similarities in main themes between Csikszentmihályi theory of individual flow and Sawyer theory of group flow, and compares Sawyer's theory with existing concepts in the literature on group work both in education and business. Because much creativity and innovation occurs within groups, understanding group…

As the expectations for including creativity in K-12 education continually grow, creative process skills equip students with thinking strategies to generate and evaluate ideas. This systematic review explored existing research on elementary and secondary gifted classroom environments that promote creative process skills. A database search yielded…

Both 21st century skills and game-based learning have been gaining an enormous amount of attention from researchers and practitioners. While some researchers are trying to develop educational games in hopes of promoting students' 21st century skill development in schools, little has been understood regarding the positive impact of games on…

As today's graduates engage with the demands of the current Knowledge Age, the skills that they need to succeed in their lives after college, or any other institution of higher learning, are 21st century skills rather than 20th century skills. Kivunja (2014) calls this "the new learning paradigm" (p.85). Unfortunately, those skills are…

This paper synthesizes research evidence pertaining to several so-called 21st century skills: critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, metacognition, and motivation. We provide a rationale for focusing on these five skills and explain their importance as educational outcomes. We then summarize peer-reviewed research published in education and…