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Direct linkWong, Vivian C.; Valentine, Jeffrey C.; Miller-Bains, Kate – Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2017
This article summarizes results from 12 empirical evaluations of observational methods in education contexts. We look at the performance of three common covariate-types in observational studies where the outcome is a standardized reading or math test. They are: pretest measures, local geographic matching, and rich covariate sets with a strong…
Descriptors: Observation, Educational Research, Standardized Tests, Reading Tests
