Provides overview of significant facets of Error Factors (EFs)--promoters of underlying confusion in learning--discussing main types of EFs, sources of EFs in learning contexts, factors influencing frequency of EFs, use of tests and exercises, and effects of EFs and their mistreatment. Forty-seven sources are listed. (EJS)

A study examined the spelling of reading disabled (RD) and average ability students within the context of the developmental lag hypothesis, which was then contrasted with a developmental difference hypothesis. Subjects were 38 regular class third graders and 18 average intelligence fifth graders receiving resource room assistance for reading…

The argument is presented that good writing begins with adult inner speech that ignores audience and then gradually evolves into a form of communication adding the vital component of audience into its focus. It is suggested that when second language writers are not trained to go beyond the inner speech in their own language, they do not have the…