The central obligation under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act is to provide each eligible student with a free appropriate public education (FAPE). In "Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District RE-1" (2017), the U.S. Supreme Court revised the prior substantive standard for determining FAPE that the court had developed in…

In this article, we provide a summary of a literature review conducted to determine how the published literature, including research articles, conceptual articles, and chapters, (a) describes access to the state-adopted grade-level standards in general education classes for students with extensive support needs (ESN) and (b) discusses recommended…

Inclusive education is a learning system where learners with various disabilities learn in an environment with equitable educational opportunities alongside non-disabled peers. The theoretical framework forming the foundation of this paper is disability studies which include the social model of disability, which pushes back against the medical…

Analyzes changes in the Quebec Education Act and accompanying regulations and directives in light of the following 10 major objectives: (1) right-to-education; (2) extended schooling; (3) availability of services; (4) accessibility of facilities; (5) prevention; (6) assessment; (7) integration; (8) appropriate education; (9) consultation; and (10)…

Analyzes federal legislation, regulations, and litigation regarding the provision of an appropriate education for limited-English-proficient students who are also disabled. Examines the legal basis of the right to bilingual education and the requirements that educational agencies must meet. Discusses implications for school systems and educators.…

Examines recent legal and programmatic changes in the education of the handicapped in Massachusetts. Highlights State standards in the areas of program delivery, identification and placement, and the use of individual educational plans. Raises issues of validation and possible inequity. (FMW)