Background/purpose. Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) development represents a critical challenge in biology higher education. While Project-Based Learning (PjBL) shows promise, empirical evidence remains fragmented across individual studies. This meta-analysis systematically synthesized evidence on PjBL effectiveness in developing HOTS among…

Background/purpose: This study aimed to map the application of the Project-Based Learning (PBL) model to enhance creative thinking skills in high schools (HS), including junior, senior, and vocational high schools. The research explored the trends of PjBL application, identified the characteristics of PjBL that are suitable for HS students,…

Background/purpose: This analysis aims to determine the mapping of the application of the project-based learning (PjBL) model to design learning needs according to the learning environment in vocational high schools (VHS). Research trends of PjBL in vocational schools, subject mapping of PjBL, opportunities for appropriate PjBL studies, and…

Background/purpose: This study aimed to identify publication trends regarding the implementation of Project Based Learning (PjBL) in junior high schools over a specific period based on bibliometric data; To analyze the most frequently occurring keywords in the PjBL literature for junior high schools to understand the main research focus; To…