Details six major research findings regarding second-language acquisition, including transitional stages for acquiring syntax; fixed-order emergence of grammatical morphemes; language acquisition progress from unmarked to marked elements; first-language influence; rule-governed learner output; and learner access to input. (27 references) (CB)

Responds to criticism against the use of the oral proficiency interview for foreign language testing through examination of the concept of logic and language testing, components of speaking ability, and the limits of linguistic theory. (20 references) (CB)

Addresses the effectiveness of the oral proficiency interview in assessing foreign language skills, responding to arguments regarding the logic of the interview method, the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) guidelines and levels of proficiency, and the relationship between linguistic knowledge and the bases of…

A discussion of the theoretical underpinnings of pragmatic approaches to foreign language testing focuses on why methods emphasizing holistic approaches to language through sensible experience are more effective than bit-by-bit, discrete-point, surface-oriented approaches that tend to neglect meaning. (21 references) (Author/CB)

Reviews five major findings of language research about the effect of explicit instruction and relates them to second-language teaching and learning, covering such areas as the route of acquisition, psycholinguistic readiness, error correction, classroom versus nonclassroom learning, and access to comprehensible and meaningful input. (37…

Refutes the concept that a single and universal tongue is ideal and the rich diversity of languages is an unfortunate state of affairs, pointing out that the mastery of several languages enhances cultural understanding and experience. (eight references) (CB)

Provides an overview of the results of the Modern Language Association's census of employment placements reported by PhD-granting departments in U.S. universities for graduates awarded doctoral degrees in a foreign language related field during 1996-97. (Author/VWL)

Focuses on the potential ways that second language acquisition research can contribute to the formulation of instructional program goals, with emphasis placed on the nature of language, sequencing of skills, attainment, and language attrition. (CB)

A historical review of the establishment of the Association of Departments of Foreign Languages and its bulletin highlights both the changes that have occurred and are continuing to occur in the foreign language profession and the association's focus on covering the multifaceted perspectives and needs of the profession. (CB)

Focuses on second language learning research conducted by Valerian Postovsky and by Ellen Bialystok, with particular emphasis on Postovsky's contributions to understanding of how best to initiate second language learning and Bialystok's contributions to knowledge of effective teaching strategies and syllabi. (CB)

Reviews the changing trends in foreign language research and curricular content during the mid-1960s and the late 1970s, and describes how the various foci on normative and pragmatic language learning have shaped and expanded foreign language instruction. New challenges for instructional self-assessment and expansion stem from research on…

Reviews recent research on classroom anxiety and student beliefs about foreign language learning, and highlights students' differing reasons for studying foreign languages and their reactions to instructional practices. Educators must continue to examine conflict among teacher expectations, instructional practices, and individual student…

Native speakers act as standard-providers, evaluators, and the evaluated in the development of oral proficiency interviews. Thus, proficiency guidelines cannot be accepted as valid until there is evidence that oral interviews and rating scales mirror the process of the native speaker, both in evaluating and in exhibiting proficiency. (CB)

Discusses the use of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Interview for assessing the effect of study abroad on foreign language learning, and provides a detailed account of the use of the Portuguese Speaking Test as a means of assessing participants of a summer program in Brazil. (15 references) (JL)

A philosophical and historical reflection on the values of learning a second language explores the stages of language acquisition. Language fluency, second language instruction, and the Western cultural traditions associated with learning a second language are discussed. (CB)