While internationally there is long-standing research activity on the effectiveness of language contacts (especially in the form of mobility stays) at tertiary level and a number of literature syntheses on this field have been published, research projects at the primary and secondary level are still comparatively rare and the results are often not…

Short-term international experiential learning opportunities can foster language teachers' multidimensional development. Even though such experiences are considered beneficial for language teachers' development, educational reviews have scarcely concentrated on a comprehensive synthesis of the impact of such experiences on language teachers. This…

One of 10 studies commissioned to investigate research needs and to stimulate planning activities, this paper looks at the need to examine international exchange policy and practice, the state of the art of research on educational exchanges, and the areas most amenable to serious research attention. Poor record-keeping and uneven analysis have…

The problem of comparing studies and degrees and diplomas completed in different countries and problems that arise in connection with the comparability of studies and the evaluation of competence are examined, and new solutions are suggested. A comprehensive analysis must consider the concerns and needs of the users, including students,…