We performed a meta-analysis of approximate number system (ANS) training studies to investigate the strength of the causal effects of practicing ANS related tasks on symbolic math performance. Across 33 effect sizes from 11 studies involving 754 participants, for which neither the treatment nor control group received symbolic training, we found a…

We review research literature concerning "number sense" from several related fields. Whereas other authors have pointed to difficulty defining "number sense" or to some degree of inconsistency in the literature, we argue instead that this is a case of polysemy: There are 3 different constructs that go by the same name. In this…

These are the appendixes for the report, "What Grade 7 Foundational Knowledge and Skills Are Associated with Missouri Students' Algebra I Achievement in Grade 8?" To increase opportunities for students to take more advanced math courses in high school, many school districts enroll grade 8 students in Algebra I, a gateway course for…

We examined relations between symbolic and non-symbolic numerical magnitude representations, between whole number and fraction representations, and between these representations and overall mathematics achievement in fifth graders. Fraction and whole number symbolic and non-symbolic numerical magnitude understandings were measured using both…