The literature review looks at self-injurious behaviors in handicapped students in terms of characteristics, prevalence, etiology (biological, psychological, and as learned behavior), and management including extinction, positive punishment, negative punishment, and reinforcement of other behaviors. Problems in areas of management, administration,…

Many school systems have started to go beyond programs focused on suicide prevention or drug abuse to encompass all types of school crises. School districts and individual schools across tha nation are formulating crisis management plans and in some states they have become mandatory. Basic procedures drawn from plans adopted by schools include the…