Discusses how slavery affected Blacks' self concepts. Offers a theory describing how the Black self concept is developed as a result of personal experience in a racially biased society. (BE)

This reprint (from a 1961 article) and excerpt (from a 1977 paper) recommend definitions of various terms in the field of mental retardation, such as subaverage, organic retardation, and functional retardation and argue that incidence and prevalence estimates of mental retardation vary so remarkably and change so frequently to fit certain…

To shed light on the interaction of African and American peoples during the first 300 years of European colonialism in the Americas, the article explains various terms for racial hybrids, citing historical evidence for the definitions, including litigation, government records, dictionaries, and documents dating from the seventeenth century. (SB)

Carlos Montezuma, an Apache, was raised by whites, graduated from medical school, and worked as physician for the Indian Service and Carlisle Indian School. Montezuma's life as colonial surrogate advocating "civilization" of the Indians is compared to Kafka's story of the ape who studied to become a passable European because it was "a way out" of…

There is often strong interference if a second target stimulus (T2) is presented before processing of a prior target stimulus (T1) is complete. In the "Psychological Refractory Period" (PRP) paradigm, responses are speeded and interference manifests as increased response time for T2. In the "Attentional Blink" (AB) paradigm, stimuli are masked and…

Describes the physical site and situation of Alcatraz Island. Discusses how the Indian occupiers of Alcatraz created a symbolic "place" by reconstructing the island's physical appearance, environmental character, social structure, and personal and collective meaning. Examines the role of placemaking in the island education of occupiers'…

Discusses how prior to the 1932 presidential campaign, Governor Roosevelt sought to dispel suspicion that he was physically unfit to become President; and though he never hid his disability, he minimized his appearance as a disabled person. Describes how Roosevelt arranged for the publication of a medical examination as proof that he was…

An historical overview of African and Afro-American music, from the foundations in sub-Saharan African music to the music of the 1980s, is presented in this paper as evidence that Afro-American music is closely intertwined with ethnic identification and follows the direction of Afro-American sociopolitical change. Slave and folk music, minstrel…

Eugenists in Edwardian Great Britain believed that society was in imminent danger because degenerate individuals were outbreeding normal people. Four strategies to prevent the unfit from reproducing--regulation, birth control, sterilization, and segregation--are discussed as well as the political and social climate in which eugenics developed. (IS)

Argues that the intellectual origins of the Harlem Renaissance are found at Fisk University, Nashville (TN), where black education took a less vocationally oriented path that made students feel free to explore thoughts. This liberal educational environment blossomed in New York in the expressions of the Harlem Renaissance. (SLD)

The idea that social problems were caused by people who were genetically unfit, that such people were readily identified, and that they should not be permitted to reproduce was an important part of discussions about mental deficiency in the period from 1900-1940. Mention is made of the papers which follow. (IS)

Between 1965 and 1974, the Chicano Movement identified itself and gained some measure of political power. In so doing, it developed a binary divergence, an internal split between its continuing need for identity and its continuing need for political power. The relationship between these two will determine the future of Chicano thought. (Author/NQ)

Relates the history of the Friends of the Indian, an influential turn-of-the-century organization which attempted to rescue Indians from their prisoner-pauper status by facilitating their assimilation and total integration into the larger society. (DM)

Describes an oral history project with members of the revitalized Piscataway nation. Contains sections of interviews that illustrate members' historical awareness; Indian identity; feelings for their ancestral land; prior sense of isolation; and their reactions to oppression, poverty, educational experiences, social and economic discrimination,…

The historical evolution of concern for education of gifted students is traced, along with the philosophical tides accompanying that evolution from the 1950s through the 1980s. It is argued that the public is alternatively supportive and antagonistic toward the gifted/talented. Periods of intense concern about their educational welfare are often…