The four sections of this paper outline changes in UNICEF programs from their inception in 1946 to recent initiatives circa 1983. The first section delineates shifts in program emphasis, showing how the organization's focus has moved from meeting the emergency needs of post-World War II European children toward addressing the long-term needs of…

No part of our school work is more important than that of the first three or four years, which is done in what is generally known as the primary grades. In these grades there are more children than in any other. Many children, for one reason or another, do not go beyond them. Those who do, find all their later school work affected by what they…

The science of education in Norway covers a wide field, including child psychology and the psychology of adolescents, educational psychology, educational methods, philosophy of education, and the history of the school system. Educational research has had a relatively short period of development in Norway. Empirical research, with a view to…