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National Policy, Local Interpretation: The American Rural Curriculum, 1897-1921.
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Feldman, Doug – Rural Educator, 1999
The factory model of organization that resulted from the ascension of industry and economic expansion between 1897 and 1921 was applied to education as well as business. National recommendations aimed to standardize rural education, but local application of these unilateral templates reflected local rural cultures. Examples discussed are…
Descriptors: Agricultural Education, Community Control, Consolidated Schools, Educational Change
Puerto Ricans and the Public Schools: A Critical Commentary. Working Papers on Meeting the Education Needs of Cultural Minorities.
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Baez, Tony – 1980
This paper was commissioned by the Education Commission of the States to identify the educational needs of Puerto Rican students in the mainland United States. A historical overview of Puerto Rico, Puerto Ricans, and their relationships with mainland United States is presented with a focus on the Puerto Rican emigration to the mainland. The role…
Descriptors: Acculturation, Bilingual Education, Change Strategies, Community Control
Decentralization, Money, and Power: The Case of People-Run Schools in China.
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Robinson, Jean C. – Comparative Education Review, 1986
Chinese "people-managed schools" began in the 1940s as popular voluntary village schools providing flexible relevant education to rural peasants, but are regarded today as low status and low quality. This change reflects the Chinese Communist Party's incremental move away from both decentralized decision making and populist education to…
Descriptors: Community Control, Community Schools, Decentralization, Educational Development
Administering Schools in a Culturally Diverse Environment: New Developments in Administering First Nations Schools in Canada.
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Binda, K. P.; Nicol, D. G. – 1999
More than a century of centralized government and church control of Aboriginal education in Canada, aimed primarily at cultural assimilation, resulted in injustices, widespread inequalities, and underdevelopment. In the 1970s, after much political wrangling, the Canadian federal government and the First Nations agreed upon a policy of Indian…
Descriptors: American Indian Education, American Indian History, Canada Natives, Community Control
Minban Education: The Planned Elimination of the "People-Managed" Teachers in Reforming China.
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Wang, Chengzhi – International Journal of Educational Development, 2002
China's "minban" (people-managed) schooling was an important instrument for delivering educational and political values to poor areas during Mao's era. Despite national policy aimed at eliminating poorly-qualified minban teachers by 2000, rural communities have been reluctant to dismiss such teachers, given the rural teacher shortage and…
Descriptors: Community Control, Community Schools, Educational Change, Educational Development
Legal and Organizational History of School District Reorganization in New York State.
Woodward, Kate S. – 1986
The history of school district consolidation in New York State reveals that nearly every set of recommendations which has encouraged consolidation has brought about widespread negative reaction from the public. Reorganization is a highly political activity in which members of the State Legislature and the State Education Department have always…
Descriptors: Community Attitudes, Community Control, Consolidated Schools, Dissent