In order to gain a perspective on how civil servants may influence the present movement toward a national curriculum, Proctor examines how civil servants influenced the shaping of the curriculum during the early 1900s by examining the fate of one school subject--geography. Depicts the ways decisions were made and the attitudes and prejudices of…

A historical overview of the development of the British middle school system is presented in this paper, with a focus on the impact of the national curriculum established by the Education Reform Act of 1988. Based on field observation, information is presented on curriculum, the role of head teachers and faculty, parental involvement, and student…

Beginning with the decade of the 50's, continuing through the 60's and midway into the 70's, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Office of Education, and, most recently, the National Institute of Education have become involved in curriculum development on a national basis. The climate of the 1950's and early 60's witnessed the upgrading and…

The literacy programs and policies implemented in Australia over the past decade were reviewed to identify initiatives that have and have not had a positive impact on vocational education and training (VET) and lifelong learning opportunities. Policies and practices in seven other countries were also reviewed. The following themes received…