Descriptor
| Academic Standards | 1 |
| Basic Skills | 1 |
| Competency Based Education | 1 |
| Educational History | 1 |
| Educational Philosophy | 1 |
| Minimum Competencies | 1 |
| Minimum Competency Testing | 1 |
| Teacher Morale | 1 |
Source
| Journal of General Education | 1 |
Author
| Tuman, Myron C. | 1 |
Publication Type
| Historical Materials | 1 |
| Journal Articles | 1 |
Education Level
Audience
Location
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Peer reviewedTuman, Myron C. – Journal of General Education, 1979
Presents arguments by Robert Lowe and Matthew Arnold on the 19th century British "Payment by Results" Plan, whereby schools received funds for students who passed minimal competency tests. Emphasizes that the Victorian experience produced acrimonious teachers with low morale and encourages contemporary minimal testing advocates not to…
Descriptors: Academic Standards, Basic Skills, Competency Based Education, Educational History
