Explores prison history/development in New Zealand, focusing on recent implementation of progressive prison operation/management program, He Ara Hou. Notes extremely positive results of program, such as higher administrative efficiency; greatly decreased levels of internal disorder; competent, stable workforce; and human product whose senses of…

Traces short, but intense, early conflict, largely during 19th century, between social workers and police officers for control of probation service. Notes that, although social work concepts like treatment and rehabilitation dominated field for many years, in recent times many probation agencies have turned toward control-oriented service, more…