Employee services and recreation programs have been gaining in popularity since the late nineteenth century. The focus of these programs has varied from team sports to aerobics. This article traces the employee services movement and suggests trends for the future. (DF)

Describes and discusses the development of the Chautauqua movement in the late nineteenth century, its success, and its impact on American education and culture. Started to improve Methodist Sunday School teaching, the movement grew to educational facilities for liberal educational programs, combined with recreational experience. (MF)