The subject of constructing criterion-referenced tests is often researched, but many technical problems remain to be satisfactorily resolved. Foremost, criterion-referenced test developers need a comprehensive set of steps for construction. In this paper, 14 logical steps for building criterion-referenced tests that refer to several different applications and allow for objective and non-objective formats are offered: 1) preliminary considerations; 2) identification of possible content; 3) preparation of domain specifications; 4) review of domain specifications; 5) additional test planning; 6) preparation of test content; 7) preparation of scoring method; 8) test materials review; 9) compilation of final form of test; 10) determination of standards; 11) preparation of report forms; 12) preparation of technical manual; 13) publication of test; and 14) collection of technical data. Four significant contributions of the steps are: 1) use of a priori methods for validation; 2) allowance for use of objective/non-objective test formats; 3) flexibility of steps for use in distinct situations (classroom; district/state; state and national); and 4) comprehensiveness of steps. In addition to the steps, a discussion of rationale for inclusion of each step and guidelines for implementation are provided. (GSK)