In response to a trend in which library services are made available to individuals and groups normally without access to them, direct and indirect costs for various units within a library are reviewed to provide a generic format for deriving those costs and establishing user fees. Precautions are also discussed. (MSE)

Explained and illustrated is the formula funding system used for colleges and universities in Texas. This system is considerably more complicated than the formulas used in other states. Data for institutions in the state system for fiscal 1978 are presented; actual appropriations are used rather than requests, and formula-produced amounts are…