Despite efforts toward literacy reform, reading growth commonly flatlines in the secondary years. In "Literacy Reframed," the authors offer a game-changing new way to think about--and teach--literacy at all levels. You will gain a dynamic path forward for creating classrooms that fully support students on their literacy journeys and…

It is essential for middle school leaders to develop and promote school-wide literacy models, organizational structures that have a significant impact on the learning environment for all students in their building. However, school-wide literacy models can be difficult to implement and sustain over time. Drawing from an Office of Special Education…

This handbook examines what understanding is and how it differs from knowing, discussing how teachers can know that students truly understand and can apply their knowledge in meaningful ways and how courses and units might be designed to emphasize understanding and uncoverage rather than coverage. The handbook includes a planning template,…

This overview of the relationship of reading vocabulary knowledge to reading comprehension offers a vocabulary acquisition model that asserts that both breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge are critical to comprehension. The vocabulary/comprehension relationship and the acquisition of word meanings are compared for hearing and deaf students,…

Schema Theory, the use of the learner's background knowledge for the building of new knowledge, is applied to improving reading comprehension skills and teaching vocabulary words and concepts to learning disabled students. Semantic mapping is a vocbulary strategy which produces the interaction between prior knowledge in a graphic form. For…

The North Carolina Pretest?Grade 3 is administered to all grade 3 students during the first three weeks of school. The pretest measures the knowledge and skills specified for grade 2 from the reading and mathematics goals and objectives of the North Carolina Standard Course of Study. The pretest is used in the determination of growth in student…

When selecting audiotapes for use in foreign language classrooms, teachers should consider factors affecting listening activities, including: second language vocabulary level of students; amount of information students must retain; rate of speech; subject matter and factual knowledge level of students; and grammatical knowledge of students. (CB)

The Theatre Arts Standards of Learning identify the essential content and skills required in the theatre arts curriculum for the middle school and core high school courses in Virginia's public schools. The standards are designed to be cumulative and progress in complexity by course from the middle school through the secondary level. Throughout…