Addresses two interrelated factors needed to be resolved at the commencement of any Critical Literacy approach in the mainstream subject classroom--the nature of the texts presented and the concept of resistance. Lists three strategies that help to build background knowledge: activating existing prior knowledge; building on that knowledge from a…

Describes how to use a language-processing model to develop holistic reading strategies for college-level English-as-a-Second-Language students. The paper explains how to use an English reading processor, develop a supplementary reading program, access students' background knowledge, and find methods that work, noting that this model will nurture…

This document focuses on the education of secondary level English language learners within mainstream social studies classes. It provides teachers and teacher educators with an understanding of how mainstream social studies instruction can be designed and implemented to enhance academic achievement for these students. Research for this report…

This report presents 26 staff development guidelines from California Code of Regulations Title 5, Sections 80680 through 80690.1: to define, implement, and make specific Chapter 1178, Statutes of 1994 (Senate Bill 1969, Hughes). The guidelines are for teachers working with English learners. Category 1, "Guidelines for the Content of Staff…