Based on the premise that instructional development is a change process and the instructional developer is a change agent, this chapter begins by considering the literature of planned change as applied to the process of instructional development. It is argued that instructional product evaluation must include both formative and summative…

This chapter considers the different emphases that an instructional improvement agency can adopt--faculty development, instructional development, organizational development, or some combination. Seven alternative emphases are outlined, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are described. The importance of three factors is…

A 5-year longitudinal study of factors affecting the implementation and operation of computer based education (CBE) projects in military settings using the PLATO system identified five major factors: project planning, staff selection and retention, lesson development, implementation and site management, and results and final evaluations. Findings…

Learning theory, instructional methodology, and research are part of the preparation program in school psychology. School psychologists in a vocational setting would have the skills to pursue research on the potential implications of such models in special needs vocational education. (Editor/CT)

This chapter addresses the problems encountered in the formative evaluation of instructional development projects and the instructional development process. Three types of formative evaluation--component, convergent, and contextual--are distinguished, and the consequences of using the wrong type of evaluation in a particular situation or project…

Briefly describes the benefits of computer-assisted instruction for library applications in bibliographic instruction and staff training and notes that little quality software is available that is appropriate. Detailed guidelines are provided for librarians to design their own courseware, including planning, designing, writing, programming, and…

Findings of a series of studies of teachers and novice instructional designers indicate that prescriptive models of how instructional design should proceed frequently do not match the reality of practice. Appropriate changes in instructional design procedures are suggested. A bibliography of 26 items is included. (CHC)

Presents 12 principles for "brain-based" learning that can serve as guidelines for defining and selecting instructional programs and methodologies. Discussion includes implications for education, suggestions for teaching information literacy skills, individual differences in the learning process, and the use of multimedia technologies. (AEF)

Designed to provide a broad introduction to the subject of educational objectives, this booklet discusses an objectives-based approach to course design, highlights the key role played by educational objectives in any systematic approach to course or curriculum design, distinguishes between the terms "aims" and "objectives," and…

Conducted by the State Office of Education in cooperation with IBM Corporation, this study was designed to examine the uses of technology in Utah schools and how the implementation of technology could greatly assist the educational process. Six objectives are specified in Section I: (1) design state-of-the-art technological models to be offered by…

Developed for use by army authors, this report provides information to assist in the step-by-step production of interactive videodisc training delivery systems (VTDS). The first of three volumes describes the hardware and software for VTDS, as well as videodisc authoring and production systems (VAPS). The range of capabilities of consumer-model…

This paper discusses the implementation of technology in social studies education. The first section addresses reasons why technology is used in social studies education, including the goal of making the social studies classroom a site of active learning and critical thinking. The second section describes three frameworks for using technology to…

This booklet is the first of four sequels to the guide "Educational Objectives" that discuss the selection and use of instructional methods. Following a brief introduction, the systems approach to course or curriculum design is reviewed, and the selection of appropriate instructional methods is described as the second key step in the course or…

An approach to college-level instructional design that incorporates the principles of constructivism, termed "constructive alignment," is described. The process is then illustrated with reference to a professional development unit in educational psychology for teachers, but the model is viewed as generalizable to most units or programs in higher…