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Download full textVenessa F. Manna; Shuhong Li; Spiros Papageorgiou; Lixiong Gu – ETS Research Report Series, 2025
This technical manual describes the purpose and intended uses of the TOEFL iBT test, its target test-taker population, and relevant language use domains. The test design and scoring procedures are presented first, followed by a research agenda intended to support the interpretation and use of test scores. Given the updates to the test starting…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Test Construction
Peer reviewedHale, Gordon A.; And Others – Modern Language Journal, 1984
Provides a bibliography of published research papers that either describe the history of the TOEFL, offer a critical review of the test, or interpret TOEFL research findings. Some topics include: the correlation of TOEFL with other standardized tests of English language proficiency, TOEFL's role as a predictor of academic performance, the…
Descriptors: Cultural Awareness, English (Second Language), Ethnic Groups, Language Proficiency
