Several common errors reflecting difficulties in probabilistic reasoning are identified, relating to ambiguity, previous outcomes, sampling, unusual events, and estimating. Knowledge of these mistakes and interpretations may help mathematics teachers understand the thought processes of their students. (MNS)

This report resulted from work with primary grade children and teachers in Kankakee, Illinois. Essays by four resource persons and two observers are included, each expressing insights and feelings in order to share ideas with resource persons for primary mathematics teaching in other schools. A main objective is to represent the ways elementary…