A guide to help instructors establish grading policies and practices or review and revise current grading procedures is presented. Advantages/disadvantages of four common comparisons used to determine grades are considered: comparisons with other students, comparisons with established standards, and comparisons based on learning relative to…

Introduces a method for reducing the subjectivity of class participation grades. Suggests the use of a combined peer/professor approach is beneficial and can be acceptable to students. Lists a number of variables which impact upon the activity while accenting the usefulness of the procedure. (KO)

In an informal experiment, ten pairs of passages covering a range of writing (poems, narrative prose, legal writing, "educationalese," anthropology, and literary criticism) were presented to two sections of freshman English and two sections of a graduate seminar in which the students were primarily experienced high school and college…