This booklet on Pennsylvania covers the state's history through 1960. Chapter 1 provides background on the land, the Native Americans, and the first European explorations while Chapter 2 details the Quaker influence from 1681-1776, the political and economic developments, the settlers, the social and cultural process, and the colonial wars. In Chapter 3, "Birth-State of the Nation, 1776-1790" covers the Revolutionary War, the creation of the commonwealth as a state, and the creation of the U.S. Constitution. Chapters 4 and 5 trace the state's government, the economic and industrial growth, the social and cultural factors, U.S. wars, and communication and transportation for the years 1790-1960. The booklet also contains a brief description of each county and a listing of the chief executives. (DJC)