Court cases are presented that illustrate some of the issues that courts have dealt with in the area of educational testing. While this study was developed primarily for parents, the booklet should also help school administrators and testing professionals learn about court cases and precedents relevant to some major issues in educational testing. This document is not a comprehensive listing of court cases and precedents on the issue of educational testing, and it does not fully discuss the implications of these cases and precedents. The study simply provides an overview of the following critical issues, each represented by a particular case: racial and cultural bias (Larry P. v. Riles); linguistic bias in tests (Diana v. California State Board of Education); test results that dominate special education placement dicisions (Larry P. v. Riles); failure to test sufficiently or at the appropriate time (Hoffman v. Board of Education of New York City); unequal opportunities to learn tested material (Debra P. v. Turlington); assignment to ability tracks without educational justification (Dillon County School District); racial discrimination in the interpretation of college admission test results (Regents of the State of California v. Bakke); gender discrimination in the interpretation of test results (Bray v. Lee); use of the wrong type of test (Sharif v. New York State Education Department); use of test results to deny education (Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania); and access to student academic records (Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974). A list of court cases cited in the study is appended. (TJH)