This paper surveys past and current theories about the workings of the mind, current brain research and psychological applications of non-linear dynamics. Parallels are drawn between the world of high-functioning autism, gifted individuals with learning disabilities, and aspects of genius. An organizing theory is presented, which includes these three groups as well as a broader population. Recommendations for educating students with different characteristics are made. Chapter 1 addresses brain hemispheric preferences, defines characteristics of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, and discusses learning style theory, multiple intelligences, the Triune Brain Theory, the Somatic Marker theory, how neurons work, and chaos concepts. Chapter 2 discusses the common ground between individuals with high-functioning autism, giftedness and learning disabilities, and genius characteristics. High intelligence, uneven skill development, perceptual anomalies, and difficulties in communication are highlighted common characteristics. Family traits and genetic links are also discussed. The final chapter uses the qualities of self-mastery, the need to invent, and the ability to communicate to classify different types of individuals. Separate lists of educational strategies to address these differences are provided for students, parents, teachers, and administrators. (Contains 44 references.) (CR)