This paper presents a synthesis of the research on positive behavioral support (PBS) for students with challenging behaviors. PBS is a long-term approach to reducing the inappropriate behavior, teaching a more appropriate behavior, and providing the contextual supports necessary for successful outcomes. It notes that the 1997 amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act require both a functional behavioral assessment and consideration of PBS to address challenging behavior. Overall, research is reported that shows that when PBS strategies are implemented schoolwide, children with and without disabilities benefit. Specific research reports are summarized and their key recommendations outlined. These studies support the implementation of PBS goals with guidelines such as alter the student's environment; provide schoolwide support; develop post-behavioral expectations in every classroom; use a cognitive-behavioral time-out strategy; implement specific positive supports for individual students; conduct functional assessments; understand cultural influences on behavior; work with families; and use technology to disseminate information. A contact list for authors of the summarized reports is attached. (DB)