This booklet was prepared to provide elementary school teachers with background information and strategies for teaching remedial mathematics. Individual sections focus on educational theory and mathematics, which outlines associationist and developmental theories, summarizes traditional and contemporary teaching styles, and relates theories to practice; diagnostic and prescriptive mathematics, which notes reasons for failure and several types of remedial approaches; teacher attitude and classroom climate, which focuses on ideas for improving each; attitudes and mathematics, which indicates how attitudes are formed and measured; language and mathematics, which includes information on language development and problems; socioeconomic variables and mathematics, which briefly notes their role; and sex differences and mathematics, which states some differences between the achievement of boys and girls. Brief case studies are included with most sections. (MNS)