Programs for developing the managerial capacities of department heads in secondary schools tend to be of two types. One type concentrates on the dynamics of interactions between participants during the program. In this type of program, consultants either call for active involvement of the participants in the analysis of their interactions, or…

The horizontal evaluation model was developed to remedy three major problems associated with competency-based approaches to teacher evaluation: there is no consensus regarding what competencies are essential to good teaching; teachers' behaviors may or may not be related to competencies they possess; and competency-based evaluation typically fails…