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Peer reviewedHallinger, Philip; Murphy, Joseph – Administrator's Notebook, 1983
Data from seven California elementary schools suggest that effective instructional leadership is both multidimensional and sensitive to school socioeconomic status (SES); in low SES schools, it involves direct supervisory activity and attention paid to school climate. Twenty-six reference notes are appended. (MLF)
Descriptors: Educational Environment, Elementary Education, Leadership Qualities, Leadership Styles
