This book provides a scientific foundation for the design of physical education and movement education in early childhood, focusing on the key development stage between 3 and 6 years of age. Drawing on cutting-edge contemporary research, the book examines physical education as a process for promoting holistic development and well-being of children from 3 to 6 years old and introduces developmental milestones across motor, cognitive, social, and emotional competencies. It examines the evidence base in core areas including teaching strategies for each of the main competencies, health, and inclusion, and explores advanced topics in early years education as applied to movement, including the use of technology and artificial intelligence in early childhood. This book is important for teacher educators, trainee teachers, and in-service practitioners with an interest in early years education, in general, and in physical education in early childhood, in particular.