This book describes the Behavioral Outcomes Approach that focuses on the development of the thinking processes and is characterized by (a) the establishment of responsive conditions in which children become autonomous learners, (b) the use of structured questions to promote the pupil's use of a variety of thinking processes, and (c) the initial…

This book focuses on the affective dimensions of learning situations and discusses the need for dealing with the emotional aspects that are a part of every cognitive learning experience. Part 1 presents a model that allows systematically and predictably for the development of the whole child, taking account of readiness-awareness level and…

This book explores the prominence of "race" in the lives of young children and their early childhood educators. It critiques the often presumed racial innocence of young children and shows instead how young children actively engage with the politics of race as they form their own identities. It challenges early childhood educators to engage with…

"Thinking Connections" is a thinking strategy program that teaches critical and creative thinking within the context of the regular curriculum. The main focus is helping students think to learn. Other results of this program are to develop positive attitudes, the ability to think an activity through to its conclusion, and to understand…

The essays in this book start from the premise that curriculum, assessment, teacher education programs, and all aspects of teaching must seek out, acknowledge, and take advantage of all the pathways that people might take to their understanding. The examples included illustrate how people can come to equivalent understandings in such different…

This book describes strategies, techniques, and principles that teachers can use to improve students' thinking skills. The strategies can generally be adaptated for any grade level or subject area. Chapters provide information on: (1) a rationale for the teaching of thinking; (2) thinking and thinking skills; (3) selecting and defining thinking…

This study of the reading process was written by a librarian for other librarians in order to explore what happens as the end result of the librarian's job, the meeting of a person and a book. A model of the reading act is constructed which makes the reader the subject rather than the receiver, as in the communications model of "transmitter…

In this book, the relationships that exist between thinking and writing are explored within the framework of a coherent theoretical system of rhetoric. The principal arguments are as follows: invention, arrangement, and style are connected to each other and to underlying thought processes in important ways; invention continues throughout the…

A group of children were presented with several tasks, including the invention of a sleep machine and a machine to weigh elephants. The tasks were chosen to involve the children in coping with problems of a distinct character. A study of the children's drawings and interpretations shows that children's thinking ability is not very different from…

This book treats human language as the manifestation of a faculty of the mind, a mental organ whose nature is determined by human biology, suggesting that its functional properties should be explored just as physiology explores the functional properties of physical organs. The book asserts that linguistics investigates cognition, taking as its…

This book examines the "think aloud method," which asks people to think aloud while solving a problem so that the resulting protocol can then be analyzed to answer questions about problem solving behavior. The method is presented in detail in the book, along with examples. The book finds that the method is useful both for psychological…

Is the purpose of education to produce good citizens and instill social skills and values? Or is it to master certain bodies of knowledge? Or is it the fulfillment of each student's unique potential? These conflicting goals bring about conflict at every level of the educational process. This book suggests that the problem with American education…

This new text offers a unique developmental focus on gender. Gender development is examined from infancy through adolescence, integrating biological, socialization, and cognitive perspectives. The book's current empirical focus is complemented by a lively and readable style that includes anecdotes about children's everyday experiences. The book's…

A new paradigm for computer-supported cooperative work and a research agenda for developing and testing this paradigm are proposed. The book outlines a comprehensive model of collaboration that integrates the cognitive/conceptual and social dynamics of groups. The challenge faced by all groups engaged in intellectual work is to divide the task so…

An empirically-based theory is proposed that relates media's most essential modes of presentation--their symbol systems--to modes of cognitive representation and to the acquisition of knowledge. This book draws upon scholarship in such areas as the study of symbol systems, cognition, cognitive development, psycholinguistics, and mass…