A growing body of research indicates that three foundational cognitive skills--executive function, motor skills, and spatial skills--form the basis for children to make a strong academic, behavioral, and social transition to formal school. Given inequitable early learning environments or "opportunity gaps" in the United States, these skills are also a source of substantial achievement and behavioral gaps. "Hands On, Minds On" describes the importance of children's foundational cognitive skills for academic achievement in literacy and mathematics, as well as their connections with other areas of school readiness, including physical health, social and emotional development, and approaches to learning. The author emphasizes how social relationships and interactions, both in and outside the classroom, encourage or constrain young children's development in these skills. The book concludes with a summary of the growing evidence in favor of guided object play, which teachers can introduce to children to exercise and strengthen foundational cognitive skills. This book features: (1) applies prominent theories from cognitive psychology to explain how children learn in the early childhood classroom; (2) includes text comprehension review questions, short exercises, and realistic examples of preschool classroom scenarios; (3) examines different types of play and their association with learning gains, especially for children of lower socioeconomic backgrounds; and (4) proposes shifts in early childhood practice toward guided object play to give all students an opportunity for early success in school. [Foreword by Sharon Ritchie.]