This text introduces various concepts and theories that have been influential in giving direction to programs of physical education in schools. These ideas are both examined in terms of what is and what should be. Part I places the study of physical education in perspective--its significance, development in the United States, and stature as an academic discipline and as a profession. Part II describes and evaluates contemporary approaches to physical education--physical fitness, the goals of general education, and human movement. Part III presents a theory of "play education" and suggests the major implications of play education for various aspects of the development and conduct of physical education programs. The epilogue ponders the future physical educator. (MM)