Considering the historical context of issues related to racial disparity in K-12 education, it is important to mention that culturally responsive school leadership (CRSL) has surfaced as an area of research in addressing those issues. However, a literature-based problem exists entailing paucity in research on the existence of specific factors that…

National debate over law enforcement in schools has largely overlooked student reporting of violent threats to school resource officer (SROs). This statewide assessment of Virginia high school students (n = 99,358) found that the majority of Black (64%), Hispanic (72%), White (71%), and other racial/ethnic identity (71%) students agreed the SRO…

Threat assessment has been widely endorsed as a school safety practice, but there is little research on its implementation. In 2013, Virginia became the first state to mandate student threat assessment in its public schools. The purpose of this study was to examine the statewide implementation of threat assessment and to identify how threat…