Teaching and learning require a conducive environment that supports social interactions. With the mandate to include all students in the general classroom setting, challenging behaviors have been a problem in the classroom. Positive Behavior Intervention and Supports (PBIS) has been developed to counter the behaviors. The problem addressed in this…

This paper concerns a virtual exchange project between the University of Virginia (UVa), United States, and an upper-secondary school in Pavia, Italy. Centred on the question of gender equality, the project has been designed to take place over three years (2018-2021) with a direct reference to Robert O'Dowd's transnational model of virtual…

The role of cultural identity in bilingual programs has barely been discussed in regard to second language acquisition (SLA). This research study focuses on providing relevant information that would help in providing more information about the experiences that an elementary student has during the second language learning process in a bilingual…

This paper looks critically at the Responsive Classroom (RC) program, a social/emotional learning program used ubiquitously in elementary schools for teacher and student training, in the US as well as in Australia, the UK, and other parts of Western Europe. The paper examines empirical studies on RC's efficacy and outcomes, many of which were…

Out-of-school time (OST) programs like the Coastal Ecology science camp can positively influence science identities, particularly for youth from groups historically underserved and underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). OST STEM programming gives youth opportunities to learn science outside the formal classroom in…

The author is a Foreign Language in the Elementary School (FLES) Spanish teacher and works with students from K-6 at Little Run Elementary School in Fairfax, Virginia. FLES is a program that had been implemented in her school district six years ago. Finding ways to motivate students to use and practice the foreign language outside the classroom is…

The Virginia Board of Education's "Student Conduct Policy Guidelines" were first developed in 1994 in response to action by the 1993 General Assembly requiring the Virginia Board of Education to establish such guidelines. In 2004, the "Guidelines" underwent a major revision in response to requirements of § 22.1-279.6. of the…