Synthesizes theoretical typologies in the fields of ethnic relations, ethnonationalism, and sociolinguistics into a sociopolitical framework for analyzing various types of ethnolinguistic minority situations. Particular reference is made to minority situations in Europe, North America, and developing countries. (35 references) (Author/CB)

While bilingual education programs in Peru are promoted as educational alternatives, designed for a specific group with the intention of strengthening the community's capacity to achieve its own goals, Texas programs are "substitute" programs to compensate for presumed deficits until the student can function in a "regular"…